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Addressing the Digital Divide

Following the line of Dr. Thornburg (2011), the use of technology is a cultural decision that involves recognizing the need and the contribution it makes to certain cultural context. For this reason, it is important first to understand the needs, problems and the roots of each culture to define how the technologies could help achieve practical solutions to this particular context. Furthermore, it is important to understand the sociocultural barriers that each context for technological development applied fairly. Recognizing this, the education of all sectors involved with real and viable alternative technological access would be a way to make that technology could be important and something valuable for the development of that culture. Certainly some solutions are not feasible for others. Therefore it is important to focus on the specific context and educate them as to be a contribution to their idiosyncrasy and not a cultural assault.

References:

Obijiofor,L.& Inayatullah, S. (n/d.) Impact of New Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on Socio-economic and Educational Development of Africa and the Asia-Pacific: Private Retrieve from http://www.metafuture.org/Articles/icts.htm

Soloway, E. (n.d.) The digital divide: leveling the playing field [Podcast]. Retrieved from http://sylvan.live.ecollege.com/ec/courses/14936/CRS-WUEDUC8812-3730077/EDUC_8848_PK_Transcript.pdf

Thornburg, D. (2011). Diversity and Globalism. Laureate Education, Inc. Retrieved from http://sylvan.live.ecollege.com/ec/crs/default.learn?CourseID=4199715&Survey=1&47=5828341&ClientNodeID=984645&coursenav=1&bhcp=1

INCREASING RETURNS AND RED QUEENS

I decided to complete my assignment in Module 4 based on a Philip K. Dick book with the film Minority Report because I own it in a movie collection. Since I had Direct TV in my home I never rent a movie I saw in the TV and if I liked it I buy it.

Red Queen is when two competing companies drive other competition out of business by vying with each other for business. The current competition between DVDs and video on demand is an example of Red Queens but this competition just makes possible a shift in the digital entertainment. The consumers demand greater flexibility and convenience in acquiring entertainment content, and this help to change the structure of DVD rent and a fierce battle with VOD that is the real challenge to the DVD rental business.

Here in PR, the current competition between DVDs is between Redbox and Blockbuster. I think that the first one represent a problem to Blockbuster. Redbox locations are everywhere and you can get a movie for a dollar any time or any day. But I think, it is grow of the satellite and cable companies the responsible of the DVD rent decline. Video on demand is available through satellite companies and in PR the two main companies, Dish Network and Direct TV compete with each other to get the market and I think this is another example of the Red Queen.

Thinking about the four criteria of McLuhan’s tetrad, DVDs and video on demand are on the “Enhances” quadrant, because both of these technologies have enhanced the quality of life for many families to allow more time spent together at home and have great availability and is affordable for people. Both have “Obsoletes” the movie theater and are “Rekindle” from the privacy that offered the drive in. In the “Reverses” quadrant I think both will move to a new business model where VOD have more probabilities to survive.

References:

Anderson, C. (2004). Tech’s long tail [Video]. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/chris_anderson_of_wired_on_tech_s_long_tail.html 

Arthur, W. B. (1996). Increasing returns and the new world of business. Harvard Business Review, 74(4), 100−109.

McLuhan, M., & McLuhan, E. (1988). Laws of media: The new science. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Thornburg, D. D. (2010). Increasing returns and red queens. Laureate Education, Inc. Retrieved fromhttp://sylvan.live.ecollege.com/ec/crs/default.learn?CourseID=4199715&Survey=1&47=5797856&ClientNodeID=984645&coursenav=1&bhcp=1

Thornburg, D. (2008c). Red Queens, butterflies, and strange attractors: Imperfect lenses into emergent technologies. Lake Barrington, IL: Thornburg Center for Space Exploration.

Module 4: The Disruptive Power of Second Life

Dr. Thornburg (2011) explained disruptive technologies as completely new tools that change how things are done, and are not gradual extensions of older technologies. Second Life is a disruptive technology because it has the strength and ability to obsolete many different technologies and institutions. Some of the technologies that Second Life could obsolete are websites as we know now and current abilities of social networking sites. The virtual world of Second Life is replacing real world situations allowing people to virtually tour places and information. Is a new way of communicating that let people perform activities that came from the real life. Second life replaces traditional social networking sites because provides a physical meeting space that gives reality in the communication, presenting gestures, modes and new words forms that let the intercultural collaboration be the most important act.  As discussed by Rosedale (2008) the social benefits of Second Life was its immense diversity, and the ongoing communication and collaboration among people from many different countries and cultures, speaking many different languages.

I don’t think that Second Life should replace all face-to-face but could be that eventually replaces the physical teaching environment and creates things and experience that would be impossible in the physical world where the students need practice. I think that in years to come, Second Life will replace the traditional educational practice of teaching and learning environment.

I really can imagine how many years Second Life has before it is replaced by another disruptive technology, but as Rosedale expressed (2008) its influence will continue to increase, and that fear of this technology is futile because its increasing ubiquity is inevitable. 

Resources:
Highfield, R. (2007, June 19). Virtual worlds could replace real relationships. From http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1554999/Virtual-worlds-could-replace-real-elationships.html         

                         
Rosedale, P. (2008). Second Life [Video]. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/the_inspiration_of_second_life.html.

Thornburg, D. (2011). Disruptive Technologies Vodcast: In Laureate Education, Inc. Emerging and Future technology.

Module 3 "A Rhyme of History"

According to Dr. Thornburg (n/d) “Rhymes of History” refers to when we connect today’s technology with past and its impact on society.” Once example is the use of electronic book readers to download and read books. “Electronic book readers are revolutionizing the reading experience” (Morse, 2010). What it rekindles from the past and is a recurring theme of history is reading and the popularity of books. Now, with e-books we have the portability convenience to have a lot of them in a single and affordable device. The first versions of e-books were designed as specialty devices with a limited scope of subject matter, such as technical manuals, manufacturing procedures and meant to be read only by small and devoted interest groups. Today, the choice of e-books is widening at an equal pace of the sizes and types of devices for viewing. Some e-readers are the Kindle, Sony Reader or the iPad.

Kevin Kelly describes what life might be like in the next 5,000 days of the Web through “one machine” composed of three unique components:

(1) Embodiment is where humans are the extended senses of this machine, rekindling all previous forms of how humans communicate;

(2) Restructuring links data and all things, rekindling how everyone and everything in our environment affect each other in some way;

(3) Codependency has everyone relying on everyone else, because we become the web, rekindling the need for socialization.

Kelly's concepts are examples for all new technologies of the rhymes of history in which they continue to reorganize and go through the same process again because we need satisfy our necessities. First everything needs to be restructured to work as it is supposed to work. Then, if we don’t need the technology, this does not continue its development.

References:

Kelly, K. (2007). Kevin Kelly on the next 5,000 days of the web. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/kevin_kelly_on_the_next_5_000_days_of_the_web.html

Morse, S. (2010). How to Choose electronic book readers. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/how_5608539_choose-electronic-book-readers.html

Thornburg, D. (nd) Rhymes of History. [Video Podcast]. Laureate Education, Inc.

Today’s Top Electronic Readers & Market Leaders. Retrieved from http://www.electronic-reader.com/. 

Tetrad for SmartPhone

The Smartphone emerged from the landline phone, to the car phone, the mobile phone, and the cellular phone. It is the result of the integration of other technologies such as the computer, radio, pocket calculator, the digital camera, the MP3 player, and the PDA.

• Enhances: What does this technology do that is new?

The smartphone integrate multiple functions acting as a computer with portability, music player, PDA functions and without lost the connection and capabilities.

• Obsoletes: What does this technology replace?

The cell phone without functions and landline phone in much cases.

•  Retrieves/rekindles: What does this technology bring to mind (or retrieve) from the past?

Computer, Digital Camera, Internet applications.

• Reverses: What might replace this technology in the future, or what might it cause to occur?

The landline phone and cell phone

References:

The Future of the Smartphone. Retrieve from: http://www.informationweek.com/news/mobility/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=206800816

 A Review of the SmartPhone: Retrieve from: http://www.smartphonereviewblog.com/